Chapter 2 Objective
Ex : Volleyball Facts
Volleyball is the second most popular sport in the world today, exceeded only by soccer. It was invented by William G. Morgan in 1895 at a YMCA in Holyoke for middle aged men who needed something less strenuous than basketball. The sport has changed much over the years and Mr. Morgan would probably not recognize the game today.
The sport involves two teams separated by a net who contact a volleyball a maximum of three times before it crosses the net to the other team. If the ball hits the floor on the other side of court in bounds or the opponents cannot return the ball, the serving team gets a point.
The first team to score 15 points wins the game. The winning team must win by two points. Play continues until one team has a two-point advantage. The team to win two games in a match wins the match. A third game will not be played unless it is necessary to determine the winner of a match. Rally scoring will be used in the third game of the match.
Player Positions- The position of players in order of the serve shall be Right Back, Right Front, Center Front, Left Front, Left Back and Center Back.
At the moment of serve-
a. all players except the server will be in the teams playing area,
b. all players shall be in correct serving order. Each right side player shall have at least one foot touching the floor closer to the right sideline than both feet of the center player in the corresponding row. Each left side player shall have at least one foot touching the floor closer to the left sideline than both feet of the center player in the corresponding row. Each front-row player shall have at least part of one foot touching the floor closer to the center line than both feet of the corresponding back row player.
c. After the ball is contacted for the serve, players may move from their positions.
Out of Bounds- A ball is out of bounds and becomes dead when it
a. Touches a wall, objects mounted flush with a wall
b. Touches the floor completely outside the courts boundary lines. (If it hits the line it is in bounds.
c. Touches the net antennas or cables or does not pass over the net between the antennas
d. Touches a nonplayer who is not interfering.
e. Touches the ceiling or overhead obstructions beyond the vertical plane of the net.
f. Touches or enters a non-playable area.
g. Touches a backboard.
The Serve- A serve is contact with the ball to initiate play. The server shall hit the ball with one hand, fist or arm while the ball is held, or after it is released by the server. The ball shall be contacted five seconds after the referees signal to serve. A server shall serve from the serving area and shall not touch the end line or the floor outside the lines marking the width of the serving area at the instant the ball is contacted for the serve.
Contacting the Ball -
a. A contact is any touch of the ball by a player (excluding the players loose hair)
b. A hit is contact/touch of the ball which is counted as one the teams allowable plays before the ball is returned to the opponents side of the court.
c. A team shall not have more than 3 hits before the ball crosses the net into the opponents playing area. When the teams first contact is simultaneous contact by opponents, or an action to black, the next contact is considered the teams first hit.
d. Legal contact is a touch of the ball by a players body above and including the waist, which does not allow the ball to visibly come to rest or involve prolonged contact with a players body.
Timeouts Each team is limited to two sixty second timeouts per game.
Substitutions- Are requested when the ball is dead. A player is limited to three entries per game.
Player Actions- Pass- A play in which the ball is hit into the air so another player can get into position to contact the ball.
a. Forearm pass A controlled skill in which the ball rebounds from the forearms of the receiver to a teammate.
b. Overhead Pass- (setting action) two-hand finger action directing the ball.
c. Set- two or one hand finger action directing the ball to an attacker.
d. Dig an underhand or overhead defensive saving skill in which the ball is contacted by the forearms, fists or hands.
e. Attack- Any play adding force and/or direction to the ball with intention of returning the ball to the opponent.
1. Spike- an attack play in which the ball is forcibly hit into the opponents court with a one-hand overhead motion.
2. Tip- a fingertip attack on the ball which directs the ball into the opponents court.
3. Dump- a fingertip attack most commonly used by a setter on the second hit to direct the ball into the opponents court.
4. Overhead pass- two hand finger action directing the ball over the net.
f. Block- A play approximately arms length from the net in which a player(s) whose hands hand(s) is raised above head, contacts the ball near the top of the net in an attempt to:
1. Prevent the ball from crossing the net.
2. Return the ball immediately
3. Deflect the motion of the ball.
The sport involves two teams separated by a net who contact a volleyball a maximum of three times before it crosses the net to the other team. If the ball hits the floor on the other side of court in bounds or the opponents cannot return the ball, the serving team gets a point.
The first team to score 15 points wins the game. The winning team must win by two points. Play continues until one team has a two-point advantage. The team to win two games in a match wins the match. A third game will not be played unless it is necessary to determine the winner of a match. Rally scoring will be used in the third game of the match.
Player Positions- The position of players in order of the serve shall be Right Back, Right Front, Center Front, Left Front, Left Back and Center Back.
At the moment of serve-
a. all players except the server will be in the teams playing area,
b. all players shall be in correct serving order. Each right side player shall have at least one foot touching the floor closer to the right sideline than both feet of the center player in the corresponding row. Each left side player shall have at least one foot touching the floor closer to the left sideline than both feet of the center player in the corresponding row. Each front-row player shall have at least part of one foot touching the floor closer to the center line than both feet of the corresponding back row player.
c. After the ball is contacted for the serve, players may move from their positions.
Out of Bounds- A ball is out of bounds and becomes dead when it
a. Touches a wall, objects mounted flush with a wall
b. Touches the floor completely outside the courts boundary lines. (If it hits the line it is in bounds.
c. Touches the net antennas or cables or does not pass over the net between the antennas
d. Touches a nonplayer who is not interfering.
e. Touches the ceiling or overhead obstructions beyond the vertical plane of the net.
f. Touches or enters a non-playable area.
g. Touches a backboard.
The Serve- A serve is contact with the ball to initiate play. The server shall hit the ball with one hand, fist or arm while the ball is held, or after it is released by the server. The ball shall be contacted five seconds after the referees signal to serve. A server shall serve from the serving area and shall not touch the end line or the floor outside the lines marking the width of the serving area at the instant the ball is contacted for the serve.
Contacting the Ball -
a. A contact is any touch of the ball by a player (excluding the players loose hair)
b. A hit is contact/touch of the ball which is counted as one the teams allowable plays before the ball is returned to the opponents side of the court.
c. A team shall not have more than 3 hits before the ball crosses the net into the opponents playing area. When the teams first contact is simultaneous contact by opponents, or an action to black, the next contact is considered the teams first hit.
d. Legal contact is a touch of the ball by a players body above and including the waist, which does not allow the ball to visibly come to rest or involve prolonged contact with a players body.
Timeouts Each team is limited to two sixty second timeouts per game.
Substitutions- Are requested when the ball is dead. A player is limited to three entries per game.
Player Actions- Pass- A play in which the ball is hit into the air so another player can get into position to contact the ball.
a. Forearm pass A controlled skill in which the ball rebounds from the forearms of the receiver to a teammate.
b. Overhead Pass- (setting action) two-hand finger action directing the ball.
c. Set- two or one hand finger action directing the ball to an attacker.
d. Dig an underhand or overhead defensive saving skill in which the ball is contacted by the forearms, fists or hands.
e. Attack- Any play adding force and/or direction to the ball with intention of returning the ball to the opponent.
1. Spike- an attack play in which the ball is forcibly hit into the opponents court with a one-hand overhead motion.
2. Tip- a fingertip attack on the ball which directs the ball into the opponents court.
3. Dump- a fingertip attack most commonly used by a setter on the second hit to direct the ball into the opponents court.
4. Overhead pass- two hand finger action directing the ball over the net.
f. Block- A play approximately arms length from the net in which a player(s) whose hands hand(s) is raised above head, contacts the ball near the top of the net in an attempt to:
1. Prevent the ball from crossing the net.
2. Return the ball immediately
3. Deflect the motion of the ball.
Subjective Opinion
Ex : DPIC PUBLIC OPINION REPORTS:
Poll Shows Growing Support for Alternatives to the Death Penalty; Capital Punishment Ranked Lowest Among Budget Priorities
Unfairness, high costs, victims’ needs, and innocence are important to voters’ thinking about the death penalty
(See also this poll broken out by Catholic respondents, compared to the country as a whole. Catholics showed stronger support for alternatives to the death penalty.)
(Nov. 16, 2010, Washington, D.C.) The Death Penalty Information Center released the results of one of the most comprehensive studies ever conducted of Americans’ views on the death penalty. A national poll of 1,500 registered voters conducted by Lake Research Partners shows growing support for alternatives to the death penalty compared with previous polls. A clear majority of voters (61%) would choose a punishment other than the death penalty for murder, including life with no possibility of parole and with restitution to the victim’s family (39%), life with no possibility of parole (13%), or life with the possibility of parole (9%).
In states with the death penalty, a plurality of voters said it would make no difference in their vote if a representative supported repeal of the death penalty; and a majority (62%) said either it would make no difference (38%) or they would be more likely to vote for such a representative (24%).
Source : http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/public-opinion-about-death-penalty
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